diff --git a/src/X1.WebSocket/Middleware/WebSocketMiddleware.cs b/src/X1.WebSocket/Middleware/WebSocketMiddleware.cs
index b9d40c8..1fd8d1c 100644
--- a/src/X1.WebSocket/Middleware/WebSocketMiddleware.cs
+++ b/src/X1.WebSocket/Middleware/WebSocketMiddleware.cs
@@ -388,43 +388,81 @@ public class WebSocketMiddleware
     {
         var processingStartTime = DateTime.UtcNow;
 
-        var success = await _errorHandler.HandleWithRetryAsync(async () =>
+        try
         {
-            // 为每个消息创建独立的消息缓冲区，避免并发问题
-            using var messageBuffer = new WebSocketMessageBuffer(_options.MaxMessageSize);
-            
-            if (!messageBuffer.TryWrite(buffer, 0, receiveResult.Count))
+            var success = await _errorHandler.HandleWithRetryAsync(async () =>
             {
-                throw new WebSocketException("消息缓冲区溢出");
-            }
+                // 为每个消息创建独立的消息缓冲区，避免并发问题
+                using var messageBuffer = new WebSocketMessageBuffer(_options.MaxMessageSize);
+                
+                // 验证输入参数
+                if (buffer == null || buffer.Length == 0)
+                {
+                    throw new WebSocketException("接收缓冲区为空或无效");
+                }
+                
+                if (receiveResult.Count <= 0 || receiveResult.Count > buffer.Length)
+                {
+                    throw new WebSocketException($"无效的消息大小：{receiveResult.Count}，缓冲区大小：{buffer.Length}");
+                }
+                
+                if (receiveResult.Count > _options.MaxMessageSize)
+                {
+                    throw new WebSocketException($"消息大小超过限制：{receiveResult.Count} > {_options.MaxMessageSize}");
+                }
+                
+                if (!messageBuffer.TryWrite(buffer, 0, receiveResult.Count))
+                {
+                    throw new WebSocketException("消息缓冲区溢出");
+                }
 
-            if (receiveResult.EndOfMessage)
-            {
-                var message = new WebSocketMessage
+                if (receiveResult.EndOfMessage)
                 {
-                    ConnectionId = connectionId,
-                    Data = messageBuffer.GetMessage(),
-                    MessageType = receiveResult.MessageType,
-                    IsComplete = true
-                };
+                    var message = new WebSocketMessage
+                    {
+                        ConnectionId = connectionId,
+                        Data = messageBuffer.GetMessage(),
+                        MessageType = receiveResult.MessageType,
+                        IsComplete = true
+                    };
 
-                await messageChannel.Writer.WriteAsync(message, cancellationToken);
+                    await messageChannel.Writer.WriteAsync(message, cancellationToken);
 
-                var processingTime = (DateTime.UtcNow - processingStartTime).TotalMilliseconds;
-                _performanceMonitor.RecordMessage(
-                    connectionId,
-                    message.Data.Length,
-                    (long)processingTime);
+                    var processingTime = (DateTime.UtcNow - processingStartTime).TotalMilliseconds;
+                    _performanceMonitor.RecordMessage(
+                        connectionId,
+                        message.Data.Length,
+                        (long)processingTime);
 
-                // 记录 Channel 消息处理统计
-                _channelManager.RecordMessageProcessed(messageChannel, message.Data.Length);
+                    // 记录 Channel 消息处理统计
+                    _channelManager.RecordMessageProcessed(messageChannel, message.Data.Length);
 
-                // messageBuffer 会在 using 语句中自动释放
-            }
-        });
+                    // messageBuffer 会在 using 语句中自动释放
+                }
+            });
 
-        if (!success)
+            if (!success)
+            {
+                await HandleMessageProcessingFailure(webSocket, connectionId, cancellationToken);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (WebSocketException ex)
+        {
+            _logger.LogError(ex, "WebSocket 消息处理异常，连接ID：{ConnectionId}，消息类型：{MessageType}，消息大小：{MessageSize}字节，错误：{ErrorMessage}", 
+                connectionId, receiveResult.MessageType, receiveResult.Count, ex.Message);
+            await HandleMessageProcessingFailure(webSocket, connectionId, cancellationToken);
+        }
+        catch (OperationCanceledException ex)
+        {
+            _logger.LogWarning(ex, "消息处理被取消，连接ID：{ConnectionId}，消息类型：{MessageType}，消息大小：{MessageSize}字节", 
+                connectionId, receiveResult.MessageType, receiveResult.Count);
+            // 取消操作转换为 WebSocket 异常
+            throw new WebSocketException("消息处理操作被取消");
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
         {
+            _logger.LogError(ex, "消息处理发生未知异常，连接ID：{ConnectionId}，消息类型：{MessageType}，消息大小：{MessageSize}字节，错误：{ErrorMessage}", 
+                connectionId, receiveResult.MessageType, receiveResult.Count, ex.Message);
             await HandleMessageProcessingFailure(webSocket, connectionId, cancellationToken);
         }
     }