MyAvaloniaDemo/AuroraDesk.Presentation/Services/ThumbnailCacheService.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Avalonia.Media.Imaging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using SixLabors.ImageSharp;
using SixLabors.ImageSharp.Processing;

namespace AuroraDesk.Presentation.Services;

/// <summary>
/// 缩略图缓存服务（类似 Windows 11 的 Thumbnail Cache）
/// 核心策略：
/// 1. 内存缓存：快速访问最近使用的缩略图
/// 2. 磁盘缓存：持久化存储，避免重复生成
/// 3. 按需生成：只在需要时生成缩略图
/// 4. 异步加载：不阻塞 UI 线程
/// </summary>
public class ThumbnailCacheService
{
    private static ThumbnailCacheService? _instance;
    private static readonly object _lockObject = new();
    
    // 内存缓存（LRU 策略，最近使用的缩略图）
    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, CachedThumbnail> _memoryCache = new();
    
    // 正在加载的任务字典，避免重复加载
    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, Task<Bitmap?>> _loadingTasks = new();
    
    // 缩略图大小（与 UI 中的 184x184 一致）
    private const int ThumbnailSize = 184;
    
    // 内存缓存最大大小（最多缓存 1000 张缩略图）
    private const int MaxMemoryCacheSize = 1000;
    
    // 磁盘缓存目录
    private readonly string _cacheDirectory;
    
    // 缓存过期时间（7天）
    private static readonly TimeSpan CacheExpiration = TimeSpan.FromDays(7);
    
    private readonly ILogger<ThumbnailCacheService>? _logger;
    
    private ThumbnailCacheService(ILogger<ThumbnailCacheService>? logger = null)
    {
        _logger = logger;
        
        // 使用系统临时目录 + 应用名称作为缓存目录
        var tempPath = Path.GetTempPath();
        _cacheDirectory = Path.Combine(tempPath, "AuroraDesk", "ThumbnailCache");
        
        // 确保缓存目录存在
        if (!Directory.Exists(_cacheDirectory))
        {
            Directory.CreateDirectory(_cacheDirectory);
        }
        
        // 启动后台清理任务（定期清理过期缓存）
        _ = Task.Run(CleanupExpiredCacheAsync);
    }
    
    public static ThumbnailCacheService Instance
    {
        get
        {
            if (_instance == null)
            {
                lock (_lockObject)
                {
                    if (_instance == null)
                    {
                        _instance = new ThumbnailCacheService();
                    }
                }
            }
            return _instance;
        }
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取缩略图（异步，按需加载）
    /// </summary>
    public async Task<Bitmap?> GetThumbnailAsync(string filePath)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(filePath) || !File.Exists(filePath))
        {
            return null;
        }
        
        // 检查内存缓存
        if (_memoryCache.TryGetValue(filePath, out var cached) && cached.Thumbnail != null)
        {
            cached.LastAccessed = DateTime.UtcNow;
            return cached.Thumbnail;
        }
        
        // 检查是否正在加载
        if (_loadingTasks.TryGetValue(filePath, out var loadingTask))
        {
            return await loadingTask;
        }
        
        // 创建新的加载任务
        var task = LoadThumbnailInternalAsync(filePath);
        _loadingTasks.TryAdd(filePath, task);
        
        try
        {
            var result = await task;
            
            // 添加到内存缓存
            if (result != null)
            {
                AddToMemoryCache(filePath, result);
            }
            
            return result;
        }
        finally
        {
            _loadingTasks.TryRemove(filePath, out _);
        }
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// 内部加载缩略图方法（检查磁盘缓存，如果没有则生成）
    /// </summary>
    private async Task<Bitmap?> LoadThumbnailInternalAsync(string filePath)
    {
        try
        {
            // 1. 检查磁盘缓存
            var cacheFilePath = GetCacheFilePath(filePath);
            if (File.Exists(cacheFilePath))
            {
                var cacheFileInfo = new FileInfo(cacheFilePath);
                var originalFileInfo = new FileInfo(filePath);
                
                // 检查缓存是否过期（原文件修改时间更新或缓存文件过期）
                if (cacheFileInfo.LastWriteTime >= originalFileInfo.LastWriteTime &&
                    DateTime.UtcNow - cacheFileInfo.LastWriteTimeUtc < CacheExpiration)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        // 从磁盘缓存加载
                        await using var cacheStream = File.OpenRead(cacheFilePath);
                        var bitmap = new Bitmap(cacheStream);
                        _logger?.LogDebug("从磁盘缓存加载缩略图: {FilePath}", filePath);
                        return bitmap;
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        _logger?.LogWarning(ex, "从磁盘缓存加载缩略图失败: {FilePath}", filePath);
                        // 删除损坏的缓存文件
                        try { File.Delete(cacheFilePath); } catch { }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // 缓存过期，删除
                    try { File.Delete(cacheFilePath); } catch { }
                }
            }
            
            // 2. 生成新的缩略图
            return await GenerateThumbnailAsync(filePath);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            _logger?.LogError(ex, "加载缩略图失败: {FilePath}", filePath);
            return null;
        }
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// 生成缩略图并保存到磁盘缓存
    /// </summary>
    private async Task<Bitmap?> GenerateThumbnailAsync(string filePath)
    {
        return await Task.Run(() =>
        {
            try
            {
                // 使用 ImageSharp 加载并生成缩略图
                using var image = Image.Load(filePath);
                
                // 计算缩略图尺寸（保持宽高比）
                var sourceWidth = image.Width;
                var sourceHeight = image.Height;
                
                int thumbnailWidth, thumbnailHeight;
                
                if (sourceWidth <= ThumbnailSize && sourceHeight <= ThumbnailSize)
                {
                    // 如果原图小于缩略图尺寸，直接使用原图尺寸
                    thumbnailWidth = sourceWidth;
                    thumbnailHeight = sourceHeight;
                }
                else
                {
                    // 计算缩放比例，保持宽高比
                    var scale = Math.Min(
                        (double)ThumbnailSize / sourceWidth,
                        (double)ThumbnailSize / sourceHeight);
                    
                    thumbnailWidth = (int)(sourceWidth * scale);
                    thumbnailHeight = (int)(sourceHeight * scale);
                }
                
                // 生成缩略图
                image.Mutate(x => x.Resize(new ResizeOptions
                {
                    Size = new Size(thumbnailWidth, thumbnailHeight),
                    Mode = ResizeMode.Max, // 保持宽高比，确保不超过指定尺寸
                    Sampler = KnownResamplers.Lanczos3 // 高质量缩放算法
                }));
                
                // 将 ImageSharp 图像转换为 Avalonia Bitmap
                using var memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
                image.SaveAsPng(memoryStream);
                memoryStream.Position = 0;
                
                var bitmap = new Bitmap(memoryStream);
                
                // 保存到磁盘缓存（异步，不阻塞）
                _ = SaveToDiskCacheAsync(filePath, memoryStream);
                
                return bitmap;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                _logger?.LogError(ex, "生成缩略图失败: {FilePath}", filePath);
                return null;
            }
        });
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// 保存缩略图到磁盘缓存
    /// </summary>
    private async Task SaveToDiskCacheAsync(string filePath, MemoryStream thumbnailStream)
    {
        try
        {
            var cacheFilePath = GetCacheFilePath(filePath);
            var cacheDir = Path.GetDirectoryName(cacheFilePath);
            
            if (cacheDir != null && !Directory.Exists(cacheDir))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(cacheDir);
            }
            
            // 复制流到文件
            await using var fileStream = File.Create(cacheFilePath);
            thumbnailStream.Position = 0;
            await thumbnailStream.CopyToAsync(fileStream);
            
            _logger?.LogDebug("缩略图已保存到磁盘缓存: {FilePath}", filePath);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            _logger?.LogWarning(ex, "保存缩略图到磁盘缓存失败: {FilePath}", filePath);
        }
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取缓存文件路径（基于文件路径的哈希值）
    /// </summary>
    private string GetCacheFilePath(string filePath)
    {
        // 使用文件路径的哈希值作为缓存文件名
        var hash = ComputeHash(filePath);
        var extension = Path.GetExtension(filePath).ToLowerInvariant();
        var cacheFileName = $"{hash}{extension}";
        
        // 使用子目录分散文件（避免单目录文件过多）
        var subDir = hash.Substring(0, 2);
        return Path.Combine(_cacheDirectory, subDir, cacheFileName);
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// 计算文件路径的哈希值
    /// </summary>
    private string ComputeHash(string filePath)
    {
        var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(filePath);
        using var sha256 = SHA256.Create();
        var hashBytes = sha256.ComputeHash(bytes);
        return BitConverter.ToString(hashBytes).Replace("-", "");
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// 添加到内存缓存（LRU 策略）
    /// </summary>
    private void AddToMemoryCache(string filePath, Bitmap thumbnail)
    {
        // 如果缓存已满，移除最久未使用的项
        if (_memoryCache.Count >= MaxMemoryCacheSize)
        {
            var oldestKey = _memoryCache
                .OrderBy(x => x.Value.LastAccessed)
                .FirstOrDefault().Key;
            
            if (oldestKey != null && _memoryCache.TryRemove(oldestKey, out var oldest))
            {
                oldest.Thumbnail?.Dispose();
            }
        }
        
        _memoryCache.TryAdd(filePath, new CachedThumbnail
        {
            Thumbnail = thumbnail,
            LastAccessed = DateTime.UtcNow
        });
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// 清理过期缓存
    /// </summary>
    private async Task CleanupExpiredCacheAsync()
    {
        while (true)
        {
            try
            {
                await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromHours(1)); // 每小时清理一次
                
                // 清理内存缓存中的过期项
                var expiredKeys = _memoryCache
                    .Where(x => DateTime.UtcNow - x.Value.LastAccessed > TimeSpan.FromHours(1))
                    .Select(x => x.Key)
                    .ToList();
                
                foreach (var key in expiredKeys)
                {
                    if (_memoryCache.TryRemove(key, out var cached))
                    {
                        cached.Thumbnail?.Dispose();
                    }
                }
                
                // 清理磁盘缓存中的过期文件
                if (Directory.Exists(_cacheDirectory))
                {
                    var cutoffTime = DateTime.UtcNow - CacheExpiration;
                    foreach (var file in Directory.EnumerateFiles(_cacheDirectory, "*.*", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            var fileInfo = new FileInfo(file);
                            if (fileInfo.LastWriteTimeUtc < cutoffTime)
                            {
                                File.Delete(file);
                            }
                        }
                        catch
                        {
                            // 忽略删除失败的文件
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                _logger?.LogError(ex, "清理缓存时出错");
            }
        }
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// 清除所有缓存
    /// </summary>
    public void ClearCache()
    {
        // 清除内存缓存
        foreach (var cached in _memoryCache.Values)
        {
            cached.Thumbnail?.Dispose();
        }
        _memoryCache.Clear();
        
        // 清除磁盘缓存
        if (Directory.Exists(_cacheDirectory))
        {
            try
            {
                Directory.Delete(_cacheDirectory, true);
                Directory.CreateDirectory(_cacheDirectory);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                _logger?.LogError(ex, "清除磁盘缓存失败");
            }
        }
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// 缓存的缩略图项
    /// </summary>
    private class CachedThumbnail
    {
        public Bitmap? Thumbnail { get; set; }
        public DateTime LastAccessed { get; set; }
    }
}